Specifically, the statues of Fracesco and Ferdinando de Medici. [15], Rubens's Medici commission was an inspiration for other artists as well, particularly the French painters Jean-Antoine Watteau (16841721) and Franois Boucher (17031770) who produced copies from the Medici cycle. In reply to warnings of the dangers of personally visiting a battlefield: My courage is as great as yours. Close to the artists of her native Florence, Maria was trained in drawing by Jacopo Ligozzi, and she was reportedly very talented; she also played music (singing and practicing the guitar and the lute) and enjoyed theater, dance, and comedy. Our credibility is the turbo-charged engine of our success. He was difficult, prone to tantrums, and grew ever more stubborn as the years went on. These characteristics are known to be that of Piety or Religion, both of which Maria would want her son to embody. "[88] Certain symbolic elements, such as the wreath of oak leaves (a possible corona civica), France being seen as a subjugated province, and the inclusion of Saturn in the scheme might all point to this interpretation and certainly would not have been lost on Rubens. Her humble, yet all-knowing gaze conveys the wisdom that she holds. 1573, Florence, Italy; d. 1642, Cologne, Germany Born into the powerful and influential Medici family, renowned bankers and patrons of the arts, Marie de Medici was the daughter of Francesco I de Medici, grand duke of Tuscany, and Joanna of Austria, a Hapsburg archduchess. But the queen didnt pay her bills on time and Rubens had a lot of trouble collecting his due. Then, on May 13, 1610, he finally gave in and crowned heronly there was a disturbing reason behind this timing. The return of Astraea to earth is symbolic of the embodiment of continuing Justice with the birth of the future king. After the little Dauphin Louis came into the world, Henry ushered hundreds of courtiers into the birthing room to celebrate. [100] As she is a divine power, she is heroically depicted in a classical setting using neoplatonic hierarchy and visual cues of light on her face. In a patriarchal society, that would not be wise of the young monarch to give up her political power. In addition to her shabby palace, Marie also had to deal with Henrys cunning head mistress, Henriette dEntragues, who immediately despised her. [4] The contract stated that Rubens was to paint all the figures, which presumably allowed him to employ assistants for backgrounds and details.[5]. Marie, meanwhile, basked in the glow of success and looked forward to an official coronation now that she had done her duty. Princeton University Press. In June 1642, a bout of pleurisy hit her, and her whole life unraveledliterally. In a cruel twist of fate, her son Louisher constant obsession and enemypassed less than a year after her. No, she wanted the whole darn throne again, and she made no bones about it. Rubens also added a barking dog, a common reference used to indicate or warn someone of foreigners who came with evil intention. On either side of the fireplace in the gallery are the portraits of the Queen's parents. WebQuotes [ edit] We read that we ought to forgive our enemies; but we do not read that we ought to forgive our friends. I knew that she was going to take it badly, but I had no idea about the insane lengths she would go to just to get revenge and mess with my life. [9] The cycle of paintings dedicated to the life of Henry IV was never completed, although some preliminary sketches survive. [43] Rubens had a way of depicting France that was very versatile in gender in many of his paintings in the cycle. However, Marie undertook to cement the alliance with Spain and to ensure respect for the theses of the Council of Trent. When we do, we depend on our loyal, helpful readers to point out how we can do better. Rubens designed the scene around the theme of political peace. [107] Marie de' Medici however, emerges as a loving mother, ready to forgive all evils and pain endured. Saturn has his sickle and is personified as Time here guiding France forward. [82], The remaining three paintings are portraits of Marie de' Medici, her father Francesco I and her mother Johanna of Austria. [70], This painting commemorates Marie taking over the government as new regent, and promoting long-term plans for peace in Europe by way of marriages between royal houses. Lonely and isolated, she became intensely dependent on one of her only playmates, her female companion Leonora Dori. [123] Consequently, the project was abandoned completely due to approval of the plans for the gallery being repeatedly delayed by the French court. [105] In this painting, Louis XIII, represented as an adult, is depicted as Apollo. All of these symbols, Rubens displayed in this ambiguous and enigmatic painting to represent or "misrepresent" Marie de' Medici in the manner that portrayed her as the prudent, yet caring and humble mother of a young and nave monarch. Madame de Pompadour didn't just share King Louis XV's bed, she also shared his power. It was during his time in Italy that he began to make copies of classical sculpture, such as the Laocon Group, and collect drawings done by other artists. After Marie became Queen of France in 1610, she began a ruthless reign of cruel betrayals, shocking violence, and overweening ambition. When Rubens was commissioned to paint the Marie de' Medici cycle, he was quite possibly the most famous and skilled artist in Northern Europe, and was especially appreciated for his monumental religious works, commissioned by various councils and churches in the area. Marie de' Medici wasted the wealth amassed by Henry IV; she never purged herself of the charge of having known of the king's assassination; her intimate was d'pernon, who did not ward off Ravaillac's blow, and who was proved to have known the murderer personally for a long time. In Ruben's depiction, the princesses stand with their right hands joined between personifications of France and Spain. Her mandate as regent legally expired in 1614, when her son reached the age of majority, but she refused to resign and continued as regent until she was removed by a coup in 1617. [46] The couple were married by proxy on 5 October 1600. The aging ruler, who was nearly two decades older than Marie, had been dirt poor for years, at least by royal standards. The Princess of Conti and the Duchess of Montpensier (mother of her future daughter in law) carry the train of the royal mantle. The tragedies of both her parents turned her into one of the wealthiest heiresses in Europe and, as she grew up, one of the most eligible bachelorettes on the marriage market. [73] To Marie de' Medici these unions were probably the most significant part of her reign, for peace in Europe was Marie's greatest goal. Scandalous Facts About Juicy Court Intrigues Throughout History, Truth Hurts: Binge-Worthy Stories About The Biggest Liars Of All Time, Bone-Chilling Moments We'll Never Be Able To Explain, These Eerie Supernatural Experiences Sent A Chill Down Our Spines, "The Bride Kissed The Best Man" And Other Real-Life Wedding Disasters, Extravagant Facts About Josephine Baker, The Black Pearl of Paris. In the end, Marie had to needle Henry for nearly a decade to give her a coronation. [1] The paintings now hang in the Louvre in Paris. Here the monster is a stand in for the dead Constable de Luynes who has met its demise at the hand of a feminine Saint Michael. It is highly unlikely that Rubens actually had such a pronounced presence in this scene when it took place. To further consolidate her authority as Regent of the Kingdom of France, Marie decided to impose the strict protocol from the court of Spain. However, Henry IV of Navarre was not a rich man and needed Marie's money. WebThe river god in the picture's right corner is likely an allusion to the Arno River that passes through Florence, Marie's city of birth. They mention that Reubens completed all of the paintings in the series in a matter of a few years, but with help of his very large workshop. This, along with its setting makes it difficult to figure out the subject matter of the work. The scene is rich with symbolism highlighting her heroism and victory. What is also known as a parade boat, Rubens referencing Horace's boat, is adorned with a dragon on front and dolphins on the stern. King smitten with the portrait of his bride-to-be (detail), Peter Paul Rubens, The Presentation of the Portrait of Marie de Medici, c. 1622-1625, oil on canvas, 394 x 295 cm (Muse du Louvre). Were always looking for your input! As the former Queen Mother aged and traveled around the continent semi-homeless, her artistic connections helped her once more. The first painting of the narrative cycle, The Destiny of Marie de' Medici, is a twisting composition of the three Fates on clouds beneath the celestial figures of Juno and Jupiter. It is generally thought that Hermes endows the princess with the gift of eloquence, to go along with the Grace's gift of beauty. The Marie de' Medici Cycle is a series of twenty-four paintings by Peter Paul Rubens commissioned by Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France, for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris. The assassination of her husband in 1610, which occurred the day after her coronation, caused her to act as regent for her son, Louis XIII, until 1614, when he officially attained his legal majority, but as the head of the Conseil du Roi, she retained the power.[1]. [71], Cupid and Juno bind two doves together over a split sphere in the painting as a symbol of peace and love. Above them, two putti brandish hymeneal torches, a small zephyr blows a warm breeze of spring and scatter roses, and a circle of joyous butterfly-winged putti surround Felicitas Publica with the caduceus, who showers the couple with gold from her cornucopia. Perhaps its not surprising given his parents tempers and general bad behavior, but by all accounts, the Dauphin Louis needed a huge attitude adjustment. Henry's promiscuity made difficult the production of a legitimate heir, and rumors circulated to the extent that Henry's court artists began to employ strategies to convince the country otherwise. [47], Rubens is able to coalesce these characters together into a single united front. UMI Research Press. Fumaroli, Marc; Graziani, Franoise and Solinas Francesco, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 20:11. Rubens needed to be very careful in the representation of the couple's first meeting because allegedly Henry was very much involved with a mistress at the time of the marriage. Although he was present at the actual event twenty years earlier, as a member of the Gonzaga household during his travels in Italy, Rubens appears youthful and stands behind the bride, holding a cross and gazing out at the viewer. Maries appreciation of the visual arts ran deep, and she also dabbled in the medium herself. Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDelorme2003 (. WebTwelve years after these momentous affairs, Marie commissioned one of Europes most renowned artists, Peter Paul Rubens, to paint a series of 24 paintings about her life (today we refer to these as the Medici Cycle).These were designed to decorate the Luxembourg Palaceher enormous new residence in Paris. [92] Louis guides, while the ship's actual movement is due to the four rowing figures, personifying Force, Religion, Justice, and Concord. In the end, he had to settle for 10% less than the agreed (and considerable) sum of 60,000 pounds. Louis looks upwards to his mother for guidance on how to steer the ship of state. WebMarie de Medici was described as both proud and scheming. While in the matronly doghouse, Marie spent her time as a monarch-for-hire, and made a special visit to Amsterdam to help officially recognize the nascent Dutch Republic. He is shown in the center of the scene raising a flaming sword. As a comparison, there are within each, two women upon a dais classical pillars, swathes of luxuriant cloth, genuflecting personages with arms extended, and allegorical figures present. Indeed, she considered it a mercy when she decided to beat him only just enough to not cause any illness. .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, Marie de' Medici, all of whose actions were prejudicial to France, has escaped the shame which ought to cover her name. These paintings of her parents in Marie de' Medici's reception hall look bleak in comparison to the portrait of Marie, where she is looking beautiful if not vain. [48] The scene takes place below a marble statue, which depicts God the Father mourning over the dead body of Christ, alluding to the Pieta sculpture by Baccio Bandinelli (14931560). There was a procession led by two mounted trumpeters, and a large temporary structure was erected on an artificial island in the Amstel River especially for the festival. [13] Although the King could have easily banished his mistress, supporting his wife, he never did so. In negotiating the marriage between Marie de' Medici and Henry IV, a number of portraits were exchanged between the two. Plus, she had another thing going for her. Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini presides over the ritual. [66] As with all of Ruben's allegorical paintings, these two figures are chosen for a reason. Therefore, Marie's visual biography was divided into three main chapters: childhood, life as a married queen, and the regency as a widow. [52] The birth of the first male heir brings a sense of security to the royal family that they will continue to rule. France declined to receive her. These accents also create a sense of unity with the neighboring work, Apotheosis of Henry IV and the Proclamation of the Regency. I would expect nothing less. [49] On a side note, Avermaete discusses an interesting idea that is particularly present in this canvas. [2] The immortalizing of her life, however, seems to be the most apparent reason for the Queen's choice to commission a painter who was capable of executing such a demanding task. Frances's intimate gesture may suggest a closeness between Henry and his country. A Medici collar provided a large, decorative frame around the sides and back of a womans head. Louis XIII, judging his mother too involved in intrigue, encouraged her to retire to the Chteau de Compigne. Nevertheless, the Queen-Regent's policy caused discontent. The Dutch were so happy to have her there, they even erected a temporary structure on the Amstel River that contained a tableaux of her image. Please let us know if a fact weve published is inaccurate (or even if you just suspect its inaccurate) by reaching out to us at [email protected]. Like any classic intruding mother, Marie used her time in exile not to reflect on the error of her ways, but instead to collect other family members around her and pretend nothing was wrong. Jupiter and Juno (detail), Peter Paul Rubens. And this led to some dark whispers, After Henrys violent end, rumors persisted for decades that, given the oh-so convenient timing of the kings passing, Marie must have had a hand in it. [57], Also worthy of note in this painting is the first appearance of the orb as a symbol of the "all-embracing rule or power of the state". The Master of the [94] Rubens painted a scene of the event in a more heroic nature rather than showing the accuracy of realistic elements. Marie didnt want to escape the Chateau de Blois to live in peace and quiether ambition was far too great for that. However, because Henry never actually entered Paris in this fashion, the scene is supposed to represent only a symbolic triumph. All of the paintings have the same height although they vary in width in order to fit the shape of the room they were intended for. The upper half of the painting shows Marie and Henry as the mythological Roman gods Juno and Jupiter. The ship represents the state, now in operation as Louis steers the vessel. The Queen also surrounded herself with portrait painters, such as Charles Martin and especially the Flemish Frans Pourbus the Younger. In the left corner, however, the new ruler himself discusses clemency with a few advisers. I cant seem to find a high quality digital image for my AP Art History class any help? [26], This painting is a representation of a historical event in the life of the Queen where the King and the Queen were crowned at the basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris. And thats when it all started to fall apart. Yeah, the Karen vibes were strong with this one. [37], Education of the Princess (16221625) shows a maturing Marie de' Medici at study. Rubens deliberate vagueness would be consistent with his practice of generalizing and allegorizing historical facts especially in a painting about peace and reconciliation. WebA figure representing Magnanimity trails behind, while above, Victory readies to place a laurel wreath on her head and Fame blows energetically on a trumpet. There is alot of information on the King, Marie de medici, the whole family. [32] In Greek and Roman mythology, one Fate spun the thread, another measured its length, and the third cut the thread. Is there a book about King Henry and his future wife Marie de Medici? After having obtained the annulment of his union to Margaret of Valois in December 1599,[4] Henry IV officially started negotiations for his new marriage with Maria de' Medici. WebMarie believed that after bearing a son, she "would begin to be a queen". Well, that tacky-as-heck move set the gossips whispering that Francesco had purposely offed his first wife, though nothing ever came of the rumors. She then returned to Paris, where she worked on the construction of her Luxembourg Palace. The boy, named Louis, and automatically upon birth heir to the throne and Dauphin of France, was born to the great satisfaction of the King and France, which had been waiting for the birth of a Dauphin for more than forty years. Richelieu played an important role in her reconciliation with the king and even managed to bring the queen mother back to the Conseil du Roi. These have been identified as Cupid, Minerva, Prudence, Abundance, Saturn, and two figures of Pheme, all indicated by their traditional attributes, all bestowing their bounties on the Queen. More than once, the artistic license of the painter was curbed in order to portray Marie in the right light. When Marie made the rounds to her various relatives around Europe, she took the time to grouse to each of them and their spouses about her son King Louis XIII and how much he had wronged her. WebWhen it came to setting up her son for success, Maria Salviati left nothing to chance. The effect of the two groups of figures is meant to stress the gap between the two sides. Gortner, The Confessions of Catherine de Medici. The baby is quite close to a serpent, which is a representation of Health. There's something about the family structure that encourages secrets. Cupids arrow has hit its mark; the king is smitten. Rubens inspiration for the blue coronation orb emblazoned with golden lilies was Guillaume Dupres presentation medal struck in 1610 at Marie's request portraying her as Minerva with Louis XIII as Apollo-Sol . Their only brother Philip de' Medici, was born on 20 May 1577. [76] The mythological figures and celestial setting act as allegories for Marie's peaceful rule over France. In fact, due to the king's other engagements their introduction was delayed, and it was not until midnight nearly a week after Marie arrived that Henry finally joined his bride. However, even after Louis came of age at thirteen in 1614, the queen continued ruling in his stead. The Duke of Nevers then took the leadership of the nobility in revolt against the Queen. And then she came back with a vengeance. See, Henrys philandering actually caused huge dynastic worries. Those who attended the ceremony for Marie include Grand Duchess Cristina of Tuscany and Marie's sister Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua; and in entourage of Grand Duke are Roger de Bellegarde, Grand Esquire of France, and the Marquis de Sillery, who negotiated the marriage. Somehow, it only got worse. [83], This particular painting in the Marie de' Medici Cycle is noteworthy for its uniqueness in execution. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In 1631, Marie found herself exiled from court for the second and final time, and King Louis made sure his mommie dearest could never come back. However, the Queen Mother was not satisfied and relaunched the war by rallying the great nobles of the Kingdom to her cause ("second war of mother and son"). The two ominous figures behind Henry III most likely represent personifications of Fraud and Discord. I really liked Carrie a lot. [39] It can be interpreted that the combined efforts of these divine teachers represent Marie's idyllic preparedness for the responsibilities she will obtain in the future, and the trials and tribulations she will face as Queen. Marie de' Medici was an art patron and political schemer whose marriage was unhappy, her husband preferring his mistresses. She even tried to formI kid you nother own league of sons-in-law against Frances interests. The ambiguity of the figures was essentially used to depict Marie in a positive light. He gazes up in gratitude, his left hand extended as he expresses his delight in his bride-to-be. The Flight from Blois is a depiction of Queen Marie escaping from confinement at Blois. They regarded Marie as a foreigner for practically her entire time there, especially when the queen could never manage to speak French fluently and continued to keep her childhood friend Leonora as one of her only bosom buddies. He excluded the traditional 16th Century hieratic poise for a relaxed interpretation, where she wears regularized drapery and Rubens adorns her in that of the state of always being sick and weak. With Marie still begging for Henry to crown her, the king instead spent his time playing his mistress and wife off of each other. The last painting in the cycle, The Triumph of Truth, is a purely allegorical depiction of King Louis XIII and his mother, the Queen, reconciling before heaven. The Prince of Cond failed to structure his opposition to royal power. [121] Of the oil sketches executed later by him, only nine survive, along with five large unfinished canvasses. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The codex includes 3 full-size illuminations, 42 full-page miniatures, countless historiated or golden initials, and borders feature Flemish and Italianate flowers. Engravings after Rubens from the De Verda Collection, Medicea Hospes, Sive Descripto Pvblicae Gratvlations, Genealogical tables of the House of Medici, Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria, Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria, Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri, Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio, Agnes, Princess Karl Alfred of Liechtenstein, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_de%27_Medici&oldid=1141964857, Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany to France, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Though the painting shows Marie de' Medici's desire for security with the representation of the Temple of Security, the symbols of evil at bay, and the change of smoky haze to clarity, there is also underlying symbolism of unrest to the acceptance of the truce. [33], Worthy of note is a possible contemporary inspirational influence on Rubens for the right side of this painting. [79] In the upper part of the image Victoria appears crowning her with laurel leaves which is a symbol of victory. [8] In 1621, Marie de' Medici commissioned Rubens to paint two large series depicting the lives of herself and her late husband, Henry IV, to adorn both wings of the first floor of the Luxembourg Palace. [10] Moreover, Maria de' Medici was the granddaughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (in office: 1556-1564), thereby ensuring and reinforcing a legitimate royal descent for prospective future members of the House of Bourbon (the Catholic League and Habsburg Spain had questioned Bourbon legitimacy during the previous French Succession War of 1589 - c. 1593). The Younger painting about peace and quiether ambition was far too great for that her a coronation i seem... Large unfinished canvasses yet all-knowing gaze conveys the wisdom that she holds of foreigners who with... Figures behind Henry III most likely represent personifications of Fraud and Discord frances 's intimate May. Cause any illness of state, decorative frame around the continent semi-homeless, her artistic connections helped her more... And especially the Flemish Frans Pourbus the Younger do, we depend on our loyal, readers... 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